Separate but Lethal: The Effects of Economic Segregation on Mortality in Metropolitan America

Norman J. Waitzman · Ken Robert Smith

138 citations0/0 files storedMilbank Quarterly

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Health disparities and outcomes Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies Public Health and Social Inequalities

Abstract

The increase in income inequality in the United States over the past 20 years has been accompanied by a pronounced increase in economic segregation in urban areas. No research to date has analyzed the potential effects of such spatial segregation on mortality. To investigate these effects, the mortality experience of respondents aged 30 years and older on the 1986-94 National Health Interview Surveys residing in any one of 30 large metropolitan areas in the United States was analyzed. Concentrated poverty was associated with significantly elevated risk of mortality, even after controlling for individual household income. Concentrated affluence showed a consistent, protective effect only among the elderly. The effects were most pronounced among the poor, but were not confined to them. Urban planning should take into account the effects associated with economic residential segregation.

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References

1993American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass.1988The Truly Disadvantaged. The Inner City, the Underclass, and Public Policy. By William Julius Wilson. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987. 254p. $19.95.1988The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, The Underclass, and Public Policy.1998When Work Disappears: The World of the New Urban Poor.1997Social capital, income inequality, and mortality.1996Unhealthy Societies: The Afflictions of Inequality 1994American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass.1993The Increasing Disparity in Mortality between Socioeconomic Groups in the United States, 1960 and 1986

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