Intimate partner violence and cardiovascular risk: is there a link?

Kelly A. Scott-Storey · Judith Wuest · Marilyn Ford‐Gilboe

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Intimate Partner and Family Violence Cardiac Health and Mental Health Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors

Abstract

AIM: This paper is a report of a study of the relationship between stress associated with intimate partner violence and smoking and cardiovascular risk. BACKGROUND: Stress related to intimate partner violence persists after a woman leaves an abusive relationship. Persistent stress is associated with cardiovascular disease, the leading single cause of death among women. Smoking, an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is a coping mechanism commonly used to decrease the anxiety and stress of intimate partner violence. However, cardiovascular health is poorly understood in abused women. METHOD: Secondary analysis of data collected between 2004 and 2005 with a community sample of 309 women who had separated from an abusive partner 3 months to 3 years previously was conducted to create a descriptive profile of cardiovascular risk. Bivariate tests of association and logistic regression analysis were used to test relationships among variables. RESULTS: Of the women, 44.1% were smokers; 53.2% had body mass indices classified as overweight or obese; 54.7% had blood pressures above normal range; and 50.8% reported cardiovascular symptoms. Neither severity of intimate partner violence nor smoking behaviours were statistically significant in explaining the presence of cardiovascular symptoms. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of hypertension, obesity and smoking suggests that survivors of intimate partner violence may be at heightened risk for cardiovascular disease and warrant clinical attention. Because cardiac symptoms develop as women get older, the mean age of 39 years in this sample may explain why intimate partner violence severity and smoking did not sufficiently explain the presence of cardiac symptoms.

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References

1981The Stress Process 1989The Sociological Study of Stress 2006Prevalence of intimate partner violence: findings from the WHO multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence n.d.Extent, nature, and consequences of intimate partner violence /1981The Assessment of Spouse Abuse: Two Quantifiable Dimensions 2004Intimate Partner Violence and Physical Health Consequences 2004World Trade Report 2004 1997Health Impact of Interpersonal Violence 2: Medical and Mental Health Outcomes

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2014Cigarette smoking among intimate partner violence perpetrators and victims: Findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions 2018Obesity in women who have experienced intimate partner violence 2020Cardiovascular Risk and Outcomes in Women Who Have Experienced Intimate Partner Violence 2019Modeling lifetime abuse and cardiovascular disease risk among women

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