Article1976

TOWARD A THEORY OF PERSONAL SPACE EXPECTATIONS AND THEIR VIOLATIONS

397 citations0/0 files storedHuman Communication Research

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Language, Communication, and Linguistic Studies Facilities and Workplace Management Health, Education, and Physical Culture

Abstract

Proxemics literature is synthesized and placed in a theoretical framework based on norms and expectations. Two major and three subordinate propositions are supported, and a model for predicting effects of violations of proxemic expectations is advanced. A sample of hypotheses generated from the model is included.

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References

1959The Social Psychology of Groups 1973The Hidden Dimension 1968A Theory of Psychological Reactance 1959The Silent Language 2001An 'American psychologist'1950Social Pressures in Informal Groups 1965Eye-Contact, Distance and Affiliation 1968A Theory of Psychological Reactance

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1988Nonverbal expectancy violations: Model elaboration and application to immediacy behaviors 2010Dialogical Self Theory 1978A COMMUNICATION MODEL OF PERSONAL SPACE VIOLATIONS: EXPLICATION AND AN INITIAL TEST 1983Personal space: Where we now stand.2007Avoiding the uncanny valley: robot appearance, personality and consistency of behavior in an attention-seeking home scenario for a robot companion 2010Dialogical Self Theory: Positioning and Counter-Positioning in a Globalizing Society 1993

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