Sustained sleep restriction reduces emotional and physical well-being

Monika Haack · Janet M. Mullington

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Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue Sleep and related disorders Sleep and Wakefulness Research

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Chronic insufficient sleep is a common finding in many pain-related and other medical diseases and is frequently experienced in the general population. Prolonged curtailment of nocturnal sleep has been studied for its adverse effect on cognitive functioning and subjective tiredness, but relatively little is known about its effect on mood and physical symptoms. OBJECTIVE: In order to test whether sleep restriction to 50% of the habitual time over 12 days affects diurnal and day-to-day variation of subjective ratings of mood and physical symptoms, 108 adjectives and statements were self-rated using visual analog scales every 2h during the waking period. DESIGN: Randomized, 16-day controlled in-laboratory study. SETTING: General Clinical Research Center (GCRC). PARTICIPANTS: Forty healthy subjects aged 21-40 years (14 females, 26 males). INTERVENTION: Subjects were randomized to either 4h of sleep per night (11 pm-3 am, N=22) or 8h of sleep per night (11 pm-7 am, N=18) for 12 consecutive days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Changes in the factor-derived variables optimism-sociability, tiredness-fatigue, anger-aggression, bodily discomfort, and items constituting bodily discomfort were compared between groups. RESULTS: Optimism-sociability progressively declined over consecutive days of sleep restriction by 15%. Bodily discomfort showed a slight, but significant interindividual increase of 3% across days of sleep restriction due to significant increases of generalized body pain, back pain, and stomach pain. Optimism-sociability and tiredness-fatigue showed diurnal variations with a quadratic function period within each day in both conditions. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that chronic insufficient sleep may contribute to the onset and amplification of pain and affect health by compromising optimistic outlook and psychosocial functioning.

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References

2003The Cumulative Cost of Additional Wakefulness: Dose-Response Effects on Neurobehavioral Functions and Sleep Physiology From Chronic Sleep Restriction and Total Sleep Deprivation 1992Profile of mood states 1992Effects of optimism on psychological and physical well-being: Theoretical overview and empirical update 1997Cumulative Sleepiness, Mood Disturbance, and Psychomotor Vigilance Performance Decrements During a Week of Sleep Restricted to 4–5 Hours per Night 2004Effect of sleep loss on C-Reactive protein, an inflammatory marker of cardiovascular risk 2004Adverse Effects of Modest Sleep Restriction on Sleepiness, Performance, and Inflammatory Cytokines 2002Effect of Sleep Deprivation on Response to Immunizaton 1981Cumulative Effects of Sleep Restriction on Daytime Sleepiness

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