Built Environment Correlates of Walking

Brian E. Saelens · Susan Handy

1,909 citations0/0 files storedMedicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

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Urban Transport and Accessibility Urban Design and Spatial Analysis Urban Green Space and Health

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The past decade has seen a dramatic increase in empirical investigation into the relations between built environment and physical activity. To create places that facilitate and encourage walking, practitioners need an understanding of the specific characteristics of the built environment that correlate most strongly with walking. This article reviews evidence on the built environment correlates with walking. METHOD: Included in this review were 13 reviews published between 2002 and 2006 and 29 original studies published in 2005 and up through May 2006. Results were summarized based on specific characteristics of the built environment and transportation walking versus recreational walking. RESULTS: Previous reviews and newer studies document consistent positive relations between walking for transportation and density, distance to nonresidential destinations, and land use mix; findings for route/network connectivity, parks and open space, and personal safety are more equivocal. Results regarding recreational walking were less clear. CONCLUSIONS: More recent evidence supports the conclusions of prior reviews, and new studies address some of the limitations of earlier studies. Although prospective studies are needed, evidence on correlates appears sufficient to support policy changes.

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References

2003Environmental correlates of walking and cycling: Findings from the transportation, urban design, and planning literatures 2002How the built environment affects physical activity 2002Environmental factors associated with adults' participation in physical activity A review 2005Increasing walking 2006Many Pathways from Land Use to Health: Associations between Neighborhood Walkability and Active Transportation, Body Mass Index, and Air Quality 2004Understanding environmental influences on walking 2005Perceived and objective environmental measures and physical activity among urban adults 2006Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale

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2010Travel and the Built Environment 2012Role of Built Environments in Physical Activity, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Disease 2011Neighborhood Environment and Physical Activity Among Youth 2011In search of causality: a systematic review of the relationship between the built environment and physical activity among adults 2017Systematic literature review of built environment effects on physical activity and active transport – an update and new findings on health equity

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