The Relationships among Hope, Pain, Psychological Distress, and Spiritual Well-Being in Oncology Outpatients

Blake Rawdin · Carrie Evans · Michael W. Rabow

84 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Palliative Medicine

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Optimism, Hope, and Well-being Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology Cancer survivorship and care

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Limited research in Taiwan and Europe suggest that hope is inversely correlated with certain dimensions of the pain experience. However, the relationship between hope and pain among oncology outpatients in the United States has not been evaluated. The aims of this study were to investigate the relationship between hope and cancer pain, after accounting for key psychological, demographic, and clinical characteristics. DESIGN: We enrolled a convenience sample of 78 patients who were receiving concurrent oncologic and symptom-focused care in a comprehensive cancer center. Patient demographic and clinical information was obtained from patient report and medical record review. Patients completed the Herth Hope Index, the Brief Pain Inventory, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Steinhauser Spiritual Concern Probe. RESULTS: Levels of hope were not associated with age, gender, or the presence of metastatic disease. Herth Hope Index scores were negatively correlated with average pain intensity (p=0.02), worst pain intensity (p<0.01), pain interference with function (p<0.05), anxiety (p<0.01), and depression (p<0.01), and were positively correlated with spiritual well-being scores (p<0.01). However, after controlling for depression and spiritual well-being with regression analysis, the relationship between pain intensity and hope was no longer significant. CONCLUSIONS: While an association exists between the patients' experience of pain and levels of hope in this study, adjustment for depression and spiritual well being eliminates the relationship initially observed. Although the causal relationships have yet to be determined, in our study hope had a stronger connection to psycho-spiritual factors, than to pain experiences or severity.

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References

2007G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences 1983The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale 1992Abbreviated instrument to measure hope: development and psychometric evaluation 1986The hospital anxiety and depression scale.1985Hope: Its Spheres and Dimensions 1985Symposium on compassionate care and the dying experience. Hope: its spheres and dimensions.2002Spirituality, Religion, and Depression in the Terminally Ill 1997Spiritual well-being, religiosity, hope, depression, and other mood states in elderly people coping with cancer.

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2017Relationship Between Spiritual Well-Being and Hope in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease 2014The Effects of Spiritual Interventions in Patients With Cancer: A Meta-Analysis 2014Spiritual well-being among outpatients with cancer receiving concurrent oncologic and palliative care 2016Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Spiritual Well-Being Scale in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction 2014Hope and spirituality among patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis: a correlational study

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