Articlegold2014

Diet and Human Mobility from the Lapita to the Early Historic Period on Uripiv Island, Northeast Malakula, Vanuatu

Rebecca Lorraine Kinaston · Stuart Bedford · Michael P. Richards · Stuart Hawkins · Andrew Robert Gray · Klervia Jaouen +2 more

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Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies Archaeology and ancient environmental studies Isotope Analysis in Ecology

Abstract

Vanuatu was first settled ca. 3000 years ago by populations associated with the Lapita culture. Models of diet, subsistence practices, and human interaction for the Lapita and subsequent occupation periods have been developed mainly using the available archaeological and paleoenvironmental data. We test these models using stable (carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur) and radiogenic (strontium) isotopes to assess the diet and childhood residency of past communities that lived on the small (<1 km2) island of Uripiv, located off the northeast coast of Malakula, Vanuatu. The burials are from the initial Lapita occupation of the island (ca. 2800-2600 BP), the subsequent later Lapita (LL, ca. 2600-2500 BP) and post-Lapita (PL, ca. 2500-2000 BP) occupations, in addition to a late prehistoric/historic (LPH, ca. 300-150 BP) occupation period. The human stable isotope results indicate a progressively more terrestrial diet over time, which supports the archaeological model of an intensification of horticultural and arboricultural systems as local resources were depleted, populations grew, and cultural situations changed. Pig diets were similar and included marine foods during the Lapita and PL periods but were highly terrestrial during the LPH period. This dietary pattern indicates that there was little variation in animal husbandry methods during the first 800 years of prehistory; however, there was a subsequent change as animal diets became more controlled in the LPH period. After comparison with the local bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr baseline, all of the Lapita and LPH individuals appeared to be 'local', but three of the PL individuals were identified as "non-local." We suggest that these "non-locals" moved to the island after infancy or childhood from one of the larger islands, supporting the model of a high level of regional interaction during the post-Lapita period.

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References

1994Standards for Data Collection from Human Skeletal Remains 2000Developmental Juvenile Osteology 2007Biological Anthropology of the Human Skeleton 2000On the road of the winds: an archaeological history of the Pacific Islands before European contact 1997The Lapita peoples: ancestors of the oceanic world 2011Molluscs in a world of islands: The use of shellfish as a food resource in the tropical island Asia-Pacific region 2002Faunal collapse, landscape change and settlement history in Remote Oceania 1993These roots remain: food habits in islands of the central and eastern Pacific since western contact

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2019Debating Lapita: Distribution, Chronology, Society and Subsistence 2016Anthropogenic Burning, Agricultural Intensification, and Landscape Transformation in Post-Lapita Fiji 2019Debating Lapita: Distribution, chronology, society and subsistence 2018Fishing at Arapus-Mangaasi, Efate, Vanuatu (2800–2200 BP): New methodological approaches and results 2015Human behavioural ecology, anthropogenic impact and subsistence change at the teouma lapita site, central Vanuatu, 3000-2500 BP

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