Willingness to communicate, communication apprehension, introversion, and self‐reported communication competence: Finnish and American comparisons

Aino Sallinen‐Kuparinen · James C. McCroskey · VIRGINIA PECK RICHMOND

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Communication in Education and Healthcare EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning Communication Studies and Media

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to make comparisons between Finnish persons and persons from other populations, particularly those from the United States, on a variety of common measures of communication orientations. The results of the study indicated that differences between Finnish and United States samples do exist, but the differences are primarily restricted to willingness to communicate and introversion. Data relating to communication apprehension and self‐perceived communication competence for the two cultures are remarkably similar. However, these two variables appear to be much less predictive of willingness to communicate for Finns than they are for Americans.

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2015An Introduction to Rhetorical Communication 1970Measures of communication‐bound anxiety 1988Personality and interpersonal communication 1984Avoiding Communication: Shyness, Reticence, and Communication Apprehension 1988Self‐report as an approach to measuring communication competence 1985Communication: Apprehension, Avoidance, and Effectiveness 1985Willingness to Communicate: The Construct and Its Measurement.1990Willingness to communicate: Differing cultural perspectives

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