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Sex Differences in Mathematical Ability: Fact or Artifact?

Camilla Persson Benbow · Julian C. Stanley

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Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills Mathematics Education and Pedagogy Education, Achievement, and Giftedness

Abstract

A substantial sex difference in mathematical reasoning ability (score on the mathematics test of the Scholastic Aptitude Test) in favor of boys was found in a study of 9927 intellectually gifted junior high school students. Our data contradict the hypothesis that differential course-taking accounts for observed sex differences in mathematical ability, but support the hypothesis that these differences are somewhat increased by environmental influences.

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2001Gender and the Career Choice Process: The Role of Biased Self‐Assessments 2007The Science of Sex Differences in Science and Mathematics 1987Gender Roles and Women's Achievement-Related Decisions 2009Women's underrepresentation in science: Sociocultural and biological considerations.2000A Threatening Intellectual Environment: Why Females Are Susceptible to Experiencing Problem-Solving Deficits in the Presence of Males 1983The relationship of mathematics self-efficacy expectations to the selection of science-based college majors 2001The effects of stereotype activation on behavior: A review of possible mechanisms.2005Sex Differences in Intrinsic Aptitude for Mathematics and Science?: A Critical Review.

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