Fossil Soils and Grasses of a Middle Miocene East African Grassland

Gregory J. Retallack · Erick A. Bestland

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Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology Evolution and Paleontology Studies Soil and Environmental Studies

Abstract

Fossil soils and grasses from the well-known Miocene mammal locality of Fort Ternan, southwestern Kenya, are evidence of a mosaic of grassy woodland and wooded grassland some 14 million years ago. This most ancient wooded grassland yet known on the African continent supported more abundant and diverse antelopes than known earlier in Africa. Ape fossils at Fort Ternan, including Kenyapithecus wickeri, were associated with woodland parts of the vegetation mosaic revealed by paleosols. Grassland habitats were available in East Africa long before the evolutionary divergence of apes and humans some 5 to 10 million years ago.

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References

1981The Fort Ternan hominoid site, Kenya: Geology, age, taphonomy and paleoecology

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2010The evolution of mutualism 1998Fossil Evidence for the Origins of Terrestriality among Old World Higher Primates 1996PALAEOECOLOGY AND HOMINOID PALAEOENVIRONMENTS 2009Nacholapithecus and its importance for understanding hominoid evolution 2010Fructose, uricase, and the Back‐to‐Africa hypothesis 2019Last Common Ancestor of Apes and Humans: Morphology and Environment

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