Evaluation of Three Proposed Markers for Language Impairment in English: A Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies

Monika Pawłowska

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Language Development and Disorders Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism

Abstract

PURPOSE: The goal of the study was to determine to what extent 3 proposed markers of language impairment (LI) in English (verb tense, nonword repetition, and sentence repetition) accurately distinguish affected and unaffected English-speaking individuals. METHOD: Electronic databases were searched for diagnostic accuracy studies involving the 3 markers. Quality of relevant studies was described. Numbers of true and false positives and negatives were extracted and used to calculate likelihood ratios (LRs). RESULTS: Thirteen studies met the selection criteria. The majority were based on clinically ascertained samples. Pooled LRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for tense (LR+) and sentence repetition (LR+ and LR-) were suggestive of presence (LR+) or absence (LR-) of LI. Wide CIs around the value of inconsistency I2 index reduced reliability of pooled values for sentence repetition. High between-study heterogeneity precluded pooling of LR values for tense (LR-) and nonword repetition (LR+ and LR-). CONCLUSION: The limited evidence available suggests that the proposed markers may be at best suggestive of LI in English. Future research may refine existing marker tasks to increase their accuracy and test the most promising tasks in unselected samples of participants with and without LI.

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2003Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses 2002Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis 2009Introduction to Meta‐Analysis 2021Introduction to Meta‐Analysis 2014Children with Specific Language Impairment 1997Prevalence of Specific Language Impairment in Kindergarten Children 2006Meta-DiSc: a software for meta-analysis of test accuracy data 1997Children with Specific Language Impairment

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2017Children with Speech Language and Communication Needs in England: Challenges for Practice 2019Diagnostic Accuracy of Sentence Recall and Past Tense Measures for Identifying Children's Language Impairments 2021Sentence Repetition Tasks to Detect and Prevent Language Difficulties: A Scoping Review 2021Sentence Repetition as a Clinical Marker of Developmental Language Disorder: Evidence From Arabic 2020Diagnostic Accuracy of Sentence Repetition and Nonword Repetition for Developmental Language Disorder in Vietnamese 2018

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