National immunization program: vaccination, compliance and pharmacovigilance

Abstract

The vaccine is one of the main control measures available for a major portion of infectious and transmissible diseases.It stands out as one of the great discoveries of public health for the benefit of the population.In Brazil, more than two centuries have passed since the first time (1804) the vaccine was administered as a control measure to prevent smallpox.Exactly a century later (1904), an epidemic of this disease led the President of the Republic Rodrigues Alves, to establish the obligation of the vaccination.In the same year, the hygienist Osvaldo Cruz coordinated the mass vaccination of the Rio de Janeiro`s population in order to control the epidemic.This movement generated a historical episode known as "The Vaccine Revolt" characterized by population rebellion and rejection to the measure adopted, culminating in the suspension of mandatory vaccination 1,2 .In this same century (XX), especially in the first half, epidemics of several diseases had been occurring in the country.It was also the moment that began the production and/or introduction of new vaccines in the country, when the first positive results appeared in control of some epidemics, elimination and eradication of diseases.Among the accomplishments of that time includes the introduction of yellow fever vaccine in 1937 with the interruption of urban-form disease transmission five years later (1942); the introduction of diphtheria-tetanus toxoidscellular pertussis vaccine (DTP), tetanus toxoid (TT) in 1950 for the prevention of tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis, diseases considered under control.Early in the second half of that century poliomyelitis vaccine was introduced with the first mass vaccination campaign conducted in the cities of Petrópolis, state of Rio de Janeiro (RJ) and Santo André, state of São Paulo (SP) in 1961 1 and also monovalent measles vaccine deployed in 1967 and 1968, and that disease is currently in the process of certifying their eradication in the country.Regarding to smallpox, the last case reported in Brazil occurred in 1971 and the international certification of eradication was granted by the World Health Organization -WHO in 1973.The global eradication stood out as the first major victory for the public health.

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