Prospective memory and its correlates and predictors in schizophrenia: An extension of previous findings

Gabor Sandor Ungvari · Yu‐Tao Xiang · Wai Kwong Tang · David Shum

41 citations0/0 files storedArchives of Clinical Neuropsychology

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Cognitive Functions and Memory Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research Schizophrenia research and treatment

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to remember to do something in the future without explicit prompts. Extending the number of subjects and the scope of our previously published study, this investigation examined the relationship between PM and socio-demographic and clinical factors, activities of daily living (ADL) and frontal lobe functions in patients with chronic schizophrenia. METHODS: One hundred and ten Chinese schizophrenia patients, 60 from the previous study and 50 additional patients recruited for this study, and 110 matched healthy comparison subjects (HC) formed the study sample. Patients' clinical condition and activity of daily living were evaluated with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Functional Needs Assessment (FNA). Time- and event-based PM tasks and three tests of prefrontal lobe functions (Design Fluency Test [DFT], Tower of London [TOL], Wisconsin Card Sorting Test [WCST]) were also administered. RESULTS: Patients' level of ADL and psychopathology were not associated with PM functions and only anticholinergic medications (ACM) showed a significant negative correlational relationship with PM tasks. Confirming the findings of the previous study, patients performed significantly more poorly on all two PM tasks than HC. Performance on time-based PM task significantly correlated with age, education level and DFT in HC and with age, DFT, TOL and WCST in patients. Patients' performance on the event-based PM correlated with DFT and one measure of WCST. In patients, TOL and age predicted the performance on time-based PM task; DFT and WCST predicted the event-based task. CONCLUSIONS: Involving a large sample of patients with matched controls, this study confirmed that PM is impaired in chronic schizophrenia. Deficient PM functions were related to prefrontal lobe dysfunction in both HC and patients but not to the patients' clinical condition, nor did they significantly affect ADL. ACMs determined certain aspects of PM.

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References

2013Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 1981Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Manual – Revised and Expanded 1990Normal aging and prospective memory.2018Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 2007Prospective Memory: An Overview and Synthesis of an Emerging Field 2014Prospective Memory 2007Prospective Memory : Cognitive, Neuroscience, Developmental, and Applied Perspectives 1995Aging and prospective memory: Examining the influences of self-initiated retrieval processes.

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2014Prospective memory in schizophrenia: A review 2011Prospective memory in patients with first-onset schizophrenia and their non-psychotic siblings

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