Article2005

Single Mothers' Self-Efficacy, Parenting in the Home Environment, and Children's Development in a Two-Wave Study

102 citations0/0 files storedSocial Work Research

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Family Dynamics and Relationships Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics

Abstract

Using data from a sample of 178 single black mothers and their young children who were ages three to five at time 1 and ages five to eight at time 2, this study examined the links between and among low-wage employment, mothers' self-efficacy beliefs, depressive symptoms, and a constellation of parenting behaviors in the preschool years to children's cognitive and behavioral functioning in early elementary school years. In general, the results supported a model in which the influence of mothers' employment on maternal parenting and child outcomes was largely indirect and mediated by perceived self-efficacy. Employment was related directly to higher self-efficacy, which in turn was associated with decreased depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms were associated with the quality of the mother—nonresident father relationship and the latter with the frequency of nonresident fathers' contacts with their children. More contact between nonresident fathers and their children predicted more adequate maternal parenting, which in turn was associated directly with the children's subsequent behavioral and cognitive functioning in early elementary school. The results are discussed in the context of social cognitive theory and the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996.

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References

1977The CES-D Scale 1991Structural Equations with Latent Variables.2001Social Cognitive Theory: An Agentic Perspective 1978The Structure of Coping 1986Ecology of the family as a context for human development: Research perspectives.1989LISREL 7 : user's reference guide 1988The Truly Disadvantaged. The Inner City, the Underclass, and Public Policy. By William Julius Wilson. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987. 254p. $19.95.1998Socioeconomic disadvantage and child development.

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2009Depressive symptoms and parenting competence: An analysis of 13 regulatory processes 2010Parenting self-efficacy and parenting practices over time in Mexican American families.2008Maternal employment and children's achievement in context: A meta-analysis of four decades of research.2009Expecting to Work, Fearing Homelessness: The Possible Selves of Low‐Income Mothers1 2010Fathers' involvement and child behavior problems in poor African American single-mother families

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