Article1995

Subscales Within the Dependency Factor of the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire

Sidney J. Blatt · Ada H. Zohar · Donald Michael Quinlan · David C. Zuroff · Myriam Mongrain

166 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Personality Assessment

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Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes Psychometric Methodologies and Testing Psychological Testing and Assessment

Abstract

Recent theoretical formulations differentiate two types of depressive experiences: one focused on interpersonal issues, such as loss, abandonment, and loneliness; the other focused on issues of self-esteem, such as failure, guilt, and lack of self-worth and autonomy. The Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ; Blatt, D'Afflitti, & Quinlan, 1976, 1979) assesses these two types of depression. Symptom-based measures of depression (i.e., the Beck Depression Inventory, Beck, Rush, Shaw, & Emery, 1979) have highly significant correlations with the DEQ Self-Criticism factor but only marginally significant correlations with the DEQ Dependency (or interpersonal) factor. Through the use of facet theory and Smallest Space Analysis (Guttman, 1982a), two facets were identified within the DEQ Dependency factor that appear to assess two different levels of interpersonal relatedness. One facet, labelled dependence, includes items expressing feelings of helplessness; fears and apprehensions about separation and rejection; and intense, broad-ranging concerns about possible loss unrelated to a particular relationship. The second facet, labelled relatedness, includes items that consider feelings of loss and loneliness in reaction to disruption of a relationship with a particular person. The dependence facet had significantly higher correlations with measures of depression, whereas the relatedness facet had significantly higher correlations with measures of psychological well-being, especially in women. Thus, the DEQ Dependency factor appears to contain two facets that assess interpersonal relatedness at different developmental levels and correlate differentially with measures of depression and of psychological well-being.

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References

1961An Inventory for Measuring Depression 1969Attachment and Loss 1965A Self-Rating Depression Scale 1957The Measurement of Meaning 1974The measurement of psychological androgyny.1976Experiences of depression in normal young adults.1974Levels of Object Representation in Anaclitic and Introjective Depression 1988Developmental psychiatry comes of age

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