Articlebronze2011

Elevated Sleep Disturbance among Blacks in an Urban Family Medicine Practice

Wilfred R. Pigeon · Kathi L. Heffner · Paul R. Duberstein · Kevin A Fiscella · Jan A. Moynihan · Benjamin P. Chapman

58 citations0/0 files storedThe Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine

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Abstract

PURPOSE: Blacks experience a number of health disparities. Sleep disturbances contribute to poor health. This preliminary study explores whether a disparity in sleep disturbances exists among blacks compared with whites and others. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample (n = 92) of urban primary care patients (52% black, 46% white, and 2% other) from a university-based family medicine practice. Mean (SD) age was 51.9 years (8.9 years). Participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Revised, and a checklist of chronic health conditions. RESULTS: The rate of clinically meaningful sleep disturbance was 71%. In bivariate logistic regressions, black race was associated with sleep disturbance (odds ratio [OR], 3.00; 95% CI, 1.17-7.69). Controlling for income attenuated that association by about 11% (race OR, 2.71; 95% CI, 1.04-7.06). Education explained about 35% (race OR, 2.39; 95% CI, 0.89-6.42). Adjustment for depression, chronic illness, and education simultaneously resulted in an estimate for race of OR, 2.44; 95% CI, 0.85-7.01. CONCLUSION: Being black is associated with a sleep disturbance that is accounted for only partially by depression, socioeconomic status, and disease burden. Black primary care patients may benefit from additional screening and monitoring of sleep difficulties.

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References

1989The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research 2005“Weathering” and Age Patterns of Allostatic Load Scores Among Blacks and Whites in the United States 2002Test–retest reliability and validity of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in primary insomnia 2000The Use of Psychological Testing for Treatment Planning and Outcome Assessment 1999Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Health The Added Effects of Racism and Discrimination 2000Social Integration, Social Networks, Social Support, and Health 2010Race, socioeconomic status, and health: Complexities, ongoing challenges, and research opportunities 2006Sleep Disorders and Sleep Deprivation: An Unmet Public Health Problem

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