Early Speech-Language Impairment and Risk for Written Language Disorder

Ruth E. Stoeckel · Robert C. Colligan · William Joseph Barbaresi · Amy L. Weaver · Jill M. Killian · Slavica K. Katusic

34 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics

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Reading and Literacy Development Language Development and Disorders Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To compare risk of written language disorder (WLD) in children with and without speech-language impairment (S/LI) from a population-based cohort. METHODS: Subjects included all children born between 1976 and 1982 in Rochester, Minnesota, who remained in the community after age 5 years (n = 5718). Records from public and private schools, medical agencies, and tutoring services were abstracted. S/LI was determined based on eligibility criteria for an individualized education plan. Incident cases of WLD were identified by research criteria using regression-based discrepancy, non-regression-based discrepancy, and low-achievement formulas applied to cognitive and academic achievement tests. Incidence of WLD (with or without reading disorder [RD]) was compared between children with and without S/LI. Associations were summarized using hazard ratios. RESULTS: Cumulative incidence of WLD by age 19 years was significantly higher in children with S/LI than in children without S/LI. The magnitude of association between S/LI and WLD with RD was significantly higher for girls than for boys. This was not true for the association between S/LI and WLD without RD. CONCLUSIONS: Risk for WLD is significantly increased among children with S/LI compared with children without S/LI based on this population-based cohort. Early identification and intervention for children at risk for WLD could potentially influence academic outcomes.

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References

2002A Longitudinal Investigation of Reading Outcomes in Children With Language Impairments 1994Cognitive profiles of reading disability: Comparisons of discrepancy and low achievement definitions.2000Prevalence and natural history of primary speech and language delay: findings from a systematic review of the literature 2000General Language Performance Measures in Spoken and Written Narrative and Expository Discourse of School-Age Children With Language Learning Disabilities 2004Oral and Written Story Composition Skills of Children With Language Impairment 2002Young adult academic outcomes in a longitudinal sample of early identified language impaired and control children 2006Psychosocial outcomes at 15 years of children with a preschool history of speech‐language impairment 2000The Association of Reading Disability, Behavioral Disorders, and Language Impairment among Second-grade Children

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