Affirmative Action at School and on the Job

Barbara F. Reskin

61 citations0/0 files storedAnnual Review of Sociology

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Discrimination and Equality Law Race, History, and American Society Critical Race Theory in Education

Abstract

Affirmative action (AA) addresses individuals' exclusion from opportunities based on group membership by taking into account race, sex, ethnicity, and other characteristics. This chapter reviews sociological, economic, historical, and legal scholarship on AA. We first consider the emergence of group-based remedies, how protected groups are defined, and proportional representation as a standard for inclusion. We then summarize the research on AA in education (including busing) and in employment. The concluding section reviews societal responses to AA, including attitudes, challenges, and political responses. As public and judicial support for AA has waned, employers and educators have increasingly turned toward diversity as a rationale for including underrepresented groups. Despite this change, many employers and educators continue to take positive steps to include minorities and women.

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References

1954Nature of Prejudice 1968EQUALITY OF EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY 2004Are Emily and Greg More Employable Than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination 1996When Work Disappears 2003The Mark of a Criminal Record 1967Equality of Educational Opportunity.1987Racial Attitudes in America: Trends and Interpretations 1999The black-white test score gap

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