Corpses, Live Models, and Nature: Assessing Skills and Knowledge before the Industrial Revolution (Case: Antwerp)

Bert De Munck

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Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis History of Science and Medicine Historical Philosophy and Science

Abstract

This article addresses changing assessment procedures for (guild-based) artisans in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Discussions in and on two new educational institutions (the art academy and the medical college) in the seventeenth century (and beyond) reveal that manual skills and embodied knowledge were gradually devalued. The egalitarian guild-ethos was substituted with a more individualistic approach based on "ingenium," which was related to both designing (drawing and invention) and theory. Paradoxically, while observation, experience and experiment grew important among an intellectual elite, the hands-on skills of artisans became perceived as being devoid of talent and genius.

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References

2005The Practice Turn in Contemporary Theory 1996Understanding Practice: Perspectives on Activity and Context 2003The gifts of Athena: historical origins of the knowledge economy 1998Craft Guilds, Apprenticeship, and Technological Change in Preindustrial Europe 2007Luxury and Pleasure in Eighteenth-Century Britain 2013Consumption and the World of Goods 1989Conventions de qualité et formes de coordination 1973Painting and Experience in Fifteenth Century Italy: A Primer in the Social History of Pictorial Style

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