Racism and Heterosexism as Correlates of Psychological Distress in African American Sexual Minority Women

Dawn M. Szymanski · Dixie D. Meyer

66 citations0/0 files storedJournal of LGBTQ Issues in Counseling

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LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy Racial and Ethnic Identity Research Gender, Health, and Social Inequality

Abstract

This study examined the relations between experiences of racism and heterosexism, both external and internalized, and African American sexual minority women's psychological distress. Results indicated that racist events, heterosexist events, and internalized heterosexism each correlated positively with psychological distress; however, when examined together, only racist events and internalized heterosexism accounted for unique variance. Furthermore, internalized racism, the interaction of racist events and heterosexist events, and the interaction of internalized racism and internalized heterosexism did not predict psychological distress. The findings supported a “complex additive” multicultural-feminist oppression perspective.

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References

1974The Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL): A self-report symptom inventory 2006Racism and Psychological and Emotional Injury 1996The Schedule of Racist Events: A Measure of Racial Discrimination and a Study of Its Negative Physical and Mental Health Consequences 1999Psychological sequelae of hate-crime victimization among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults.1999Psychological sequelae of hate-crime victimization among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults.1995Women of Color: Integrating Ethnic and Gender Identities in Psychotherapy 1996Development and validation of the Index of Race-Related Stress (IRRS).2008Internalized Heterosexism

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2019Gendered Racial Microaggressions and Traumatic Stress Symptoms Among Black Women 2010Racism and Sexism as Correlates of African American Women’s Psychological Distress 2018Predicting PTSD severity from experiences of trauma and heterosexism in lesbian and bisexual women: A longitudinal study of cognitive mediators.2014Exploring coping mediators between heterosexist oppression and posttraumatic stress symptoms among lesbian, gay, and bisexual persons.

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