Development and validation of the Index of Race-Related Stress (IRRS).

Shawn O. Utsey · Joseph G. Ponterotto

351 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Counseling Psychology

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Racial and Ethnic Identity Research Psychometric Methodologies and Testing Counseling Practices and Supervision

Abstract

This article describes the development and validation of a measure of the stress experienced by African Americans as a result of their daily encounters with racism and discrimination. The Index of Race-Related Stress (IRRS) is a 46-item instrument developed according to the theoretical framework of daily hassles (R. S. Lazarus & S. Folkman, 1984) and integrated with P. Essed's (1990) concept of everyday racism. The IRRS has adequate indexes of internal consistency and fair-to-adequate estimates of test-retest stability. Several subscales of the IRRS and a global racism index were correlated with other measures of stress and racism. Furthermore, the IRRS discriminated between Blacks and non-Blacks in a group-differences study. Both principal-components and confirmatory factor analyses supported a 4-component model of race-related stress.

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2003Perceived racism and blood pressure: A review of the literature and conceptual and methodological critique 2002Effect of ethnic group membership on ethnic identity, race-related stress, and quality of life.2006Understanding the Link Between Discrimination, Mental Health Outcomes, and Life Chances Among Latinos 2005Ethnic Identity and Approach-Type Coping as Moderators of the Racial Discrimination/Well-Being Relation in Asian Americans.2000Development and Initial Validation of the Africultural Coping Systems Inventory

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