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The Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development

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Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development Mental Health Treatment and Access Mental Health Research Topics

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development is a cohort-longitudinal epidemiological study that uses the genetic twin design to study the development and maintenance of child psychiatric disorders. We determined the rates of DSM-III-R disorders, disorders with impairment, and age, sex, and comorbidity effects. METHODS: Families of 2762 white twins aged 8 to 16 years participated. Twins and their parents were asked systematically about risk factors and current psychiatric symptoms by means of investigator-based psychiatric interviews and questionnaires. The DSM-III-R diagnoses were made for major depressive disorder, separation anxiety, overanxious disorder, simple phobia, social phobia, agoraphobia, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. RESULTS: The 3-month point prevalence for any DSM-III-R disorders was 413 per 1000, and that for disorders with associated impairment was 142 per 1000. Emotional disorders with impairment occurred in 89 per 1000, with girls being more commonly affected; behavioral disorders had a prevalence of 71 per 1000, with boys being more frequently affected. The proportion with disorder who also had functional impairment varied across disorders; anxiety and phobic disorders were particularly likely not to be accompanied by impairment. Rates of emotional and behavioral disorders increased over the age range. There was extensive comorbidity among disorders. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence rates and patterns of findings from this study of twins are consistent with those of other epidemiological studies, supporting previous findings of few differences in rates of psychiatric disorder between twins and singletons. The importance of including measures of functional impairment is evident by its effect on rates of disorder and patterns of comorbidity.

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References

1987Child/adolescent behavioral and emotional problems: Implications of cross-informant correlations for situational specificity.1987DSM-III Disorders in Preadolescent Children 1995The Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (CAPA)1993An Epidemiological Study of Disorders in Late Childhood and Adolescence—I. Age‐ and Gender‐Specific Prevalence 1975Attainment and Adjustment in Two Geographical Areas 1988Estimnates of the Prevalence of Childhood Maladjustment in a Community Survey in Puerto Rico 1990DSM-III Disorders in a Large Sample of Adolescents 1992Aggregating Data from Multiple Informants in Child Psychiatry Epidemiological Research

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