Article2006

Effect of Early Childhood Adversity on Child Health

Emalee Gottbrath Flaherty · Richard Thompson · Alan J. Litrownik · Adrea D. Theodore · Maureen M. Black · Traci L. Wike +3 more

232 citations0/0 files storedArchives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine

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Child Abuse and Trauma Intimate Partner and Family Violence Child Welfare and Adoption

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of child abuse and other household dysfunction on child health outcomes. DESIGN: Data from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect collected through interviews and questionnaires administered when target children were 4 years old and 6 years old. SETTING: Children in the South, East, Midwest, Northwest, and Southwest United States. PARTICIPANTS: One thousand forty-one children at high risk for child abuse and neglect (3 cohorts derived primarily from among children recruited through social service mechanisms, 1 cohort recruited at birth from among high-risk infants, and 1 cohort recruited from a medical setting). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) Association of 7 adverse exposures (3 categories of child abuse [physical abuse, sexual abuse, and psychological maltreatment] and 4 categories of household dysfunction [caregiver problem drinking, caregiver depression, caregiver treated violently, and criminal behavior in the household]) derived from data collected when the child was 4 years old. (2) Indexes of child physical health at age 6 years (caregiver overall assessment of child health and reports of illness requiring medical attention). RESULTS: Two thirds of the sample had experienced at least 1 adverse exposure. One adverse exposure almost doubled the risk of overall poor health (odds ratio, 1.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-3.48), and 4 adverse exposures or more almost tripled the risk of illness requiring medical attention (odds ratio, 2.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-7.31). CONCLUSION: Adverse environmental exposures, including child abuse and other household dysfunction, are associated with poor child health even at an early age, although our data do not support a dose-response relationship.

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References

1977The CES-D Scale 1998Relationship of Childhood Abuse and Household Dysfunction to Many of the Leading Causes of Death in Adults 2003Childhood Abuse, Neglect, and Household Dysfunction and the Risk of Illicit Drug Use: The Adverse Childhood Experiences Study 2001Childhood Abuse, Household Dysfunction, and the Risk of Attempted Suicide Throughout the Life Span 2004Adverse childhood experiences and the risk of depressive disorders in adulthood 2004The interrelatedness of multiple forms of childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction 2005Long-Term Consequences of Childhood Sexual Abuse by Gender of Victim 1993Defining child maltreatment: The interface between policy and research

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