Violence Exposure and Substance Use in Adolescents: Findings From Three Countries

Robert R. J. M. Vermeiren · Mary Schwab‐Stone · Dirk Deboutte · Peter E. Leckman · Vladislav V. Ruchkin

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Child Abuse and Trauma Crime Patterns and Interventions Youth, Drugs, and Violence

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To investigate relationships between exposure to community violence (witnessing and victimization) and reported substance use (cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, and hard drugs) in a cross-national sample of adolescents, after controlling for the level of the adolescents' own violent behavior. METHOD: A self-report survey was conducted in 3380 14- to 17-year-old adolescents in urban communities of 3 different countries: Antwerp, Belgium (N = 958); Arkangelsk, Russia (N = 1036); and New Haven, Connecticut (N = 1386). RESULTS: In all 3 countries, levels of reported smoking, alcohol use, marijuana use, and hard drug use showed increases with adolescent exposure to violence. Although positively related, substance use was increased less markedly in US adolescents who witnessed violence. CONCLUSION: Current findings further emphasize the association between violence exposure and potential severe physical and psychosocial health problems in adolescents. In addition, the findings suggest that violence exposure and its consequences are a worldwide urban phenomenon. Cross-national differences were found, however, that warrant additional research, and prospective studies are needed to investigate the pathways from violence exposure to substance abuse.

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References

1988The psychology of fear and stress 2000The Effects of Family and Community Violence on Children 1998The role of exposure to community violence and developmental problems among inner-city youth 1995Adolescents' Exposure to Violence and Associated Symptoms of Psychological Trauma 1993The Prevalence and Consequences of Exposure to Violence among African-American Youth 1993The Nimh Community Violence Project: II. Children’s Distress Symptoms Associated with Violence Exposure 1995No Safe Haven: A Study of Violence Exposure in an Urban Community 2000Community violence exposure and children's social adjustment in the school peer group: The mediating roles of emotion regulation and social cognition.

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2013The Protective Effects of Neighborhood Collective Efficacy on Adolescent Substance Use and Violence Following Exposure to Violence 2004Violent Lives: A Lifestyle Model Linking Exposure to Violence to Juvenile Violent Offending 2016Racial/ethnic differences in trauma exposure and mental health disorders in adolescents.2007Factors Affecting Resilience in Children Exposed to Violence

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