Students (n=1270) from five Canadian universities were asked to predict their final grades in undergraduate mathematics courses. The percentages of women who overestimated, estimated correctly, and underestimated their grades were 51, 26, and 23; the corresponding percentages for the men were 61, 26, and 13. No sex-related difference was found in the level of confidence expressed by students in their ability to complete their bachelor's program, whereas women expressed less confidence than men in their ability to obtain a PhD. Proportionally fewer women than men expressed an intention to engage in doctoral studies. Although that intention was related to a student's confidence level, a discrepancy between women and men was found even within groups at the same confidence level.
Stored only when both papers are in the corpus — 86 citations exist upstream.