An Odds Ratio Approach for Assessing Differential Distractor Functioning Effects under the Nominal Response Model

Randall D. Penfield

33 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Educational Measurement

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Psychometric Methodologies and Testing Educational Assessment and Pedagogy Educational Technology and Assessment

Abstract

Investigations of differential distractor functioning (DDF) can provide valuable information concerning the location and possible causes of measurement invariance within a multiple‐choice item. In this article, I propose an odds ratio estimator of the DDF effect as modeled under the nominal response model. In addition, I propose a simultaneous distractor‐level (SDL) test of invariance based on the results of the distractor‐level tests of DDF. The results of a simulation study indicated that the DDF effect estimator maintained good statistical properties under a variety of conditions, and the SDL test displayed substantially higher power than the traditional Mantel‐Haenszel test of no DIF when the DDF effect varied in magnitude and/or size across the distractors.

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2012Applications of Item Response Theory To Practical Testing Problems 2017Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing.1994Differential Item Functioning.1972Estimating Item Parameters and Latent Ability when Responses are Scored in Two or More Nominal Categories 1990Detecting Differential Item Functioning Using Logistic Regression Procedures 1994Methods for Identifying Biased Test Items 2013Differential Item Performance and the Mantel–Haenszel Procedure 1993A Model-Based Standardization Approach that Separates True Bias/DIF from Group Ability Differences and Detects Test Bias/DTF as well as Item Bias/DIF

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2010Modeling DIF Effects Using Distractor-Level Invariance Effects: Implications for Understanding the Causes of DIF

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