Gender and Language: Communication Apprehension in Second Language Learning

Mahfuzah Rafek · Nur Hani Laily Ramli · Halimatussaadiah Iksan · Nurhazlin Mohd Harith · Athirah Izzah Bt Che Abas

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EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning Second Language Acquisition and Learning Communication in Education and Healthcare

Abstract

For over the decades, researchers all around the world have found that language learning comes with some difficulties and disabilities which can usually manifest into a more severe problem (Dembo, 1991). It is proven that second language learning can become a traumatic experience for certain language learners. Among the catalyst for this experience is the feeling of stressed, anxious and worries especially in communication (Banks, 2008). It is very apparent that communication apprehension, as stated by Horwitz, Horwitz& Cope (1991), has contributed towards the detrimental feeling of anxiety during the process of language learning. Since language anxiety is one of the major factor that determines the level of comprehensible input received (Krashen, 1982), it has undoubtedly developed into a prominent factor in determining the successful of second language learning. However, it is proven that communication apprehension can happen to anyone regardless of the gender. Wick-Nelson & Israel (2006) mention that communication apprehension, as the matter of fact manifests differently according to gender. Thus, it is important to note that female and male process their feeling and experiences differently. The aim of this paper is to determine the difference of communication apprehension level according to gender. A total of 60 respondents were randomly selected among the University Teknologi MARA (Perak) students from various faculties. The instrument used in this study is a set of questionnaire adapted from the measurement scale of language anxiety called Foreign Language Class Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) designed by Horwitz (1983). The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0.

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1986Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety 2009Brave men and timid women? A review of the gender differences in fear and anxiety 1991Creating a Low-Anxiety Classroom Environment: What Does Language Anxiety Research Suggest?2005Influence of Psychiatric Comorbidity on Recovery and Recurrence in Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Social Phobia, and Panic Disorder: A 12-Year Prospective Study 1989Anxiety and Second‐Language Learning: Toward a Theoretical Clarification*1991Methods and Results in the Study of Anxiety and Language Learning: A Review of the Literature*2004A measure of second language writing anxiety: Scale development and preliminary validation 1992Language Anxiety: From Theory and Research to Classroom Implications

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