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BACKGROUND: Critical thinking (CT) is a composite of skills linked to problem-based learning (PBL). PURPOSES: This study has 3 purposes: (a) to determine if PBL discourse could be coded for CT, (b) to demonstrate reliable coding, and (c) to determine whether a CT ratio would provide a valid measure to compare 2 PBL groups. METHODS: Using prior research, we refined the code for a content analysis of PBL transcripts. Raters coded 6 hr of transcripts and computed CT ratios for each of the 5 CT stages. Average interrater agreement was 85.5%. CT ratios appeared to differ between 2 PBL groups delivered in 2 modalities. RESULTS: PBL discourse could be coded following a CT framework. Independent raters reliably applied the code, and the resulting CT ratios detected tenable differences. CONCLUSIONS: This approach could provide useful information about the effect of case modality.
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Stored only when both papers are in the corpus — 117 citations exist upstream.
Papers that cite the same references — the relational fallback while embeddings are still backfilling.
Imported from OpenAlex (CC0) — nothing here is generated.