Early Bronze Age metallurgy: a newly discovered copper manufactory in southern Jordan

Thomas E. Levy · Russell B. Adams · Andreas Hauptmann · Michael Prange · Sigrid Schmitt-Strecker · Mohammad Najjar

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Metallurgy and Cultural Artifacts Ancient Mediterranean Archaeology and History Ancient Near East History

Abstract

Recent excavations in southern Jordan have revealed the largest Early Bronze Age (c. 3600-2000 BC) metal manufactory in the ancient Near East. On-site Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analyses of the finds provide new evidence concerning the scale and organization of metal production at a time when the first cities emerged in this part of the Near East. Materials and lead isotope analyses of the metallurgical finds provide important data for reconstructing ancient metal processing and for identifying trade networks.

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References

1993The Genesis and Collapse of Third Millennium North Mesopotamian Civilization 1990Archaeological method and theory 1998The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land 1992Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times 1982Studies in the history and archaeology of Jordan 1930The bronze age 1999The archaeometallurgy of the Asian old world 2000The Domestication of Metals

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2009The Emergence of Complex Metallurgy on the Iranian Plateau: Escaping the Levantine Paradigm 2014New insights into Levantine copper trade: analysis of ingots from the Bronze and Iron Ages in Israel 2005Archaeometallurgy in the Mediterranean: The Social Context of Mining, Technology, and Trade 2015On Early Bronze Age Copper Bar Ingots from the Southern Levant 2009From Metallurgy to Bronze Age Civilizations: The Synthetic Theory 2018Beyond Provenance

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