Aging and skill acquisition: Learning-performance distinctions.

David L. Strayer · Arthur F. Kramer

89 citations0/0 files storedPsychology and Aging

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Aging and Gerontology Research Memory Processes and Influences Cognitive Functions and Memory

Abstract

This research examined the hypothesis that a conservative response bias in older persons interferes with the acquisition and mastery of cognitive skill. Twenty younger and 20 older Ss performed both consistent mapping and varied mapping versions of a memory search task. Half of the Ss in each group performed under speed stress instructions, whereas the remaining Ss performed under accuracy stress instructions. Older Ss exhibited less skilled performance than did younger Ss. A power function analysis attributed this to both age-related differences in the rate of associative learning and differences in asymptotic levels of performance. These results are at odds with A. D. Fisk and W. A. Roger's (1991) hypothesis that age-related differences in automatization do not occur in memory search tasks. Results are interpreted in terms of a learning vs. performance distinction.

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1891The Principles of Psychology 1974Toward a theory of automatic information processing in reading 1988Toward an instance theory of automatization.2016Handbook of the Psychology of Aging 2013Cognitive Skills and Their Acquisition 1969Category norms of verbal items in 56 categories A replication and extension of the Connecticut category norms.1985Information processing rates in the elderly.1984Aging and Behavior

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