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The current study aimed at evaluating the vocabulary gain of advanced learners of English when digitized and non-digitized flashcards served as learning tools. To do so, after a vocabulary pre-test, 109 university students were subdivided into three groups, using mobile, online, and paper flashcards. Each week, 70 flashcards containing frequent words of TOEFL and IELTS were available to them during a ten-week program. Besides taking biweekly progress tests, the participants finally took a post-test to assess their overall vocabulary gain. This study drew attention to some advantages of mobile phones, indicating that they represent a language learning resource worthy of further investigation.
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Stored only when both papers are in the corpus — 40 citations exist upstream.
Papers that cite the same references — the relational fallback while embeddings are still backfilling.
Imported from OpenAlex (CC0) — nothing here is generated.