Children’s Academic Achievement and Foster Care

Lawrence M. Berger · Maria Cancian · Eunhee Han · Jennifer L. Noyes · Vanessa Ríos-Salas

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Child Welfare and Adoption Early Childhood Education and Development Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Poor school outcomes for children in out-of-home placement (OHP) raise concerns about the adequacy of child welfare and educational policy for this vulnerable population. We analyzed the relation between OHP and academic achievement, focusing on reading and math achievement in grades 3 through 8. METHODS: Linked administrative data were used for our analytic sample comprising 529 597 child-year observations for 222 049 children who experienced OHP or were in a comparison group. Three models were estimated: a pooled ordinary least squares regression that considered placement status and test scores net of the full set of control variables; an identical model that added the previous year's test scores as an additional control; and a final model that included child-specific fixed effects. RESULTS: Children in OHP settings had achievement test scores at least 0.6 SD below average. However, we found similar deficits across children with past, current, and future exposure to OHP and, in our preferred model, OHP (past, current, or future placement) had no statistically discernible relation with either reading or math achievement. CONCLUSIONS: OHP by itself is not significantly related to school achievement; however, evidence reveals consistently low average math and reading achievement among children involved with Child Protective Services.

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References

2007Child Protection and Child Outcomes: Measuring the Effects of Foster Care 1998Mental Health Problems of Children in Foster Care 1997What Happens to Foster Kids: Educational Experiences of a Random Sample of Foster Care Youth and a Matched Group of Non-Foster Care Youth 2009Estimating the “Impact” of Out-of-Home Placement on Child Well-Being: Approaching the Problem of Selection Bias 2014Cumulative Risks of Foster Care Placement by Age 18 for U.S. Children, 2000–2011 2006Child maltreatment, out-of-home placement and academic vulnerability: A fifteen-year review of evidence and future directions 2006Placement into foster care and the interplay of urbanicity, child behavior problems, and poverty.2005Beyond Common Sense: Child Welfare, Child Well-Being, and the Evidence for Policy Reform

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