Policy without a plan: English as a medium of instruction in Rwanda

Pamela Pearson

52 citations0/0 files storedCurrent Issues in Language Planning

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Multilingual Education and Policy Linguistic and Sociocultural Studies Second Language Learning and Teaching

Abstract

From the time of Belgian colonial rule, French was predominantly the medium of instruction (MOI) in Rwanda. Then, in October 2008, a Rwandan Cabinet resolution called for the immediate implementation of English as the language of instruction in all public schools at all levels – from primary to tertiary. This study reports on ethnographic interview data collected in a larger ethnography of language policy (Hornberger & Johnson 2007, 2011; Johnson 2007, 2009, 2010a, 2010b) study undertaken in Rwanda between September 2011 and June 2012. The interviews, conducted with teachers (n = 8) in two public primary schools and two public secondary schools in Southern Province, Rwanda, reveal (a) the layers and spaces in Rwandan MOI policy and practice, as well as (b) the local realities associated with implementing national language-in-education policy without an articulated plan.

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1968The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research.1968The Discovery of Grounded Theory; Strategies for Qualitative Research 2017Ethnographic Interview 2019The ethnographic interview 2013The Encyclopedia of applied linguistics 1997Language Planning 1997Language Planning: From Practice to Theory 1996Unpeeling the Onion: Language Planning and Policy and the ELT Professional

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2020Towards a social and epistemic justice approach for exploring the injustices of English as a Medium of Instruction in basic education 2020Transitioning from a local language to English as a medium of instruction: Rwandan teachers’ and classroom-based perspectives 2016Postcolonial language-in-education policies in Africa: The case of Kenya 2019‘Back to the “futur”’: Mobility and immobility through English in Algeria 2022Micro Language Planning for Sustainable Early English Language Education: A Case Study on Chinese Educators’ Agency

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