Article2008

Working memory and intelligence in children: What develops?

106 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Educational Psychology

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Cognitive Abilities and Testing Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology

Abstract

This study explored the contribution of the phonological and executive working memory (WM) systems to 205 (102 girls, 103 boys, 6 to 9 years old) elementary school children's fluid and crystallized intelligence. The results show that (a) a 3-factor structure (phonological short-term memory [STM], visual-spatial WM, and verbal WM) was comparable between age groups, (b) controlled attention and STM storage accounted for 67% of the age-related variance in WM, (c) effect sizes for direct paths from WM were substantially larger when predicting fluid intelligence than crystallized intelligence, and (d) the contribution of STM to intelligence was isolated to reading. The results suggest that the development of WM is distinct from STM, controlled attention plus storage accounted for age-related WM changes, and WM underlies age-related changes in both fluid and crystallized intelligence.

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References

1998Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling 1980Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures.1989EQS : structural equations program manual 2000The episodic buffer: a new component of working memory?1980Individual differences in working memory and reading 2005Principles and practice of structural equation modeling, 2nd ed.1996The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition.1993Measurement Invariance, Factor Analysis and Factorial Invariance

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2010Working memory and educational achievement in children with intellectual disabilities 2010The development of memory maintenance: Children’s use of phonological rehearsal and attentional refreshment in working memory tasks 2017Verbal and visual-spatial working memory: What develops over a life span?2013The roles of cognitive and motivational predictors in explaining school achievement in elementary school 2011The influence of working memory and phonological processing on English language learner children's bilingual reading and language acquisition.

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