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The aim of the present study was to identify and characterize the stages in the process of adherence to exercise among a sample of 347 adults randomly recruited from the general population. Combining a behavioral (habit of exercising in the past 3 months) and a motivational (intention to exercise in the next 6 months) dimension allowed the formation of five stages, on a continuum varying from a sedentary stage (stage 1) to a very active stage (stage 5). The psychosocial factors studied were derived from a social cognitive theory [attitude, perceived control (self-efficacy), and subjective social norms]. Subjects were visited at home by trained interviewers for baseline data collection and behavior was self-reported 6 months later. ANOVA indicated that there was a significant difference in exercising behavior between the stages (p <.0001) and trend analysis showed this relationship to be linear (p <.001). MANOVA indicated that there was an overall significant difference in the psychosocial variables between the stages (p <.0001); pairwise comparisons identified multiple significant differences. In particular, perceived control (self-efficacy) was involved in every difference identified between the stages, having a negative value at stage 3. The results indicated that stage 2 is a very critical stage and provides a possible explanation for the 50% drop-out rate from exercise programs typically observed during the first 3 to 6 months.
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