Parentification and Its Impact on Adolescent Children of Parents with AIDS

Judith A. Stein · Marion Riedel · Mary Jane Rotheram‐Borus

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Family Support in Illness Family Dynamics and Relationships Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

Abstract

Parentification refers to children or adolescents assuming adult roles before they are emotionally or developmentally ready to manage those roles successfully. We assess predictors and outcomes of parentification among adolescent children of Parents with AIDS (PWAs) in two phases. In Phase 1, relationships among parental AIDS-related illness, parent drug use, parent and adolescent demographics, and parentification indicators (parental, spousal, or adult role-taking) were assessed among 183 adolescent-parent pairs (adolescents: 11 to 18 years, M = 14.8 years, 54% female; parents: 80% female). Adult role-taking was associated with maternal PWAs, female adolescents, and greater parent drug use. Greater parental AIDS-related illness predicted more spousal and parental role-taking. Parent drug use predicted more parental role-taking. In Phase 2, we examined the impact of parentification on later adolescent psychological adjustment (N = 152 adolescents). Adult role-taking predicted more internalized emotional distress; parental role-taking predicted externalized problem behaviors: sexual behavior, alcohol and marijuana use, and conduct problems. Given these dysfunctional outcomes, we discuss interventions to mitigate parentification among children of PWAs.

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References

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2002Research with children: sharing the dilemmas 2011Parentification and mental health symptoms: mediator effects of perceived unfairness and differentiation of self 2001Impact of parent death and an intervention on the adjustment of adolescents whose parents have HIV/AIDS.2015Parent–child role-confusion: A critical review of an emerging concept 2004Child Maltreatment, Parent Alcohol- and Drug-Related Problems, Polydrug Problems, and Parenting Practices: A Test of Gender Differences and Four Theoretical Perspectives.

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