Precepts of Reflective Public Relations: An Isocratean Model

Abstract

The reflective paradigm, an emerging philosophy of public relations, involves an organization's “production of self-understanding in relation to the environment,” (Holmström, Citation2004, p. 126). An instructive antecedent of reflection may lie in the works of Isocrates (436–338 BCE), who has gained increasing scholarly recognition as a progenitor of modern public relations. As Isocrates sought to strengthen Athens via a unified Greece, he promoted panhellenism over the narrower interests of individual Greek city-states. In highly self-analytical addresses to Greek leaders, he advocated, in words and deeds, specific precepts of nascent reflection, including conducting thorough research on a diverse society and the encouragement of dissent.

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