The Effect of the Location of a Simulated Intruder On Responses To Long-Distance Vocalizations of Mantled Howling Monkeys, Alouatta Palliata Palliata

Abstract

Mantled howling monkeys, Alouatta palliata palliata, of Guanacaste, Costa Rica, respond in a site-dependent way to experimental playbacks of choruses of loud vocalizations. Groups of howling monkeys increase their rates of calling and approach simulated vocal intruders located in often-used patches of forest. In contrast, they call less than previously and do not approach simulated intruders in seldom-used areas. These monkeys adjust their responses to simulated intruders depending upon the quality of local patches of forest. Various additional factors determine the functions of loud calls of howling monkeys: the distance to a receiver, the ontogenetic trajectory (WILEY, 1981) of the caller, the density of calling groups and possibly the existence of an ongoing confrontation.

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