Teaching adults new words: The role of practice and consolidation.

Felix Clay · Jeffrey S. Bowers · Colin J. Davis · Derek A. Hanley

93 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition

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Reading and Literacy Development Second Language Acquisition and Learning Memory Processes and Influences

Abstract

Semantic and orthographic learning of new words was investigated with the help of the picture-word interference (PWI) task. In this version of the Stroop task, picture naming is delayed by the simultaneous presentation of a semantically related as opposed to an unrelated distractor word (a specific PWI effect), as well as by an unrelated word compared with a nonword (a general PWI effect). This interference is taken to reflect automatic orthographic and semantic processing. The authors observed that participants showed both types of PWI effects for newly learned words following a single study session. Interestingly, specific PWI effects were not obtained immediately after testing but did emerge a week later without additional practice. This suggests that a period of consolidation is involved in the establishment of word representations. In addition, identical PWI effects were obtained when the study and test words were presented in either the same or different letter case. This provides evidence that the newly acquired orthographic representations are coded in an abstract format.

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References

1999Phonological Recoding and Orthographic Learning: A Direct Test of the Self-Teaching Hypothesis 2003Lexical competition and the acquisition of novel words 1985Building permanent memory codes: Codification and repetition effects in word identification.2005Interfering neighbours: The impact of novel word learning on the identification of visually similar words 1997Brain Plasticity in Learning Visual Words 2000In defense of abstractionist theories of repetition priming and word identification 1997Masked Repetition Priming of Words and Nonwords: Evidence for a Nonlexical Basis for Priming

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2014Competition from unseen or unheard novel words: Lexical consolidation across modalities 2010The acquisition of morphological knowledge investigated through artificial language learning 2013Why Words Are Hard for Adults With Developmental Language Impairments 2021Ontogenesis Model of the L2 Lexical Representation 2012Overnight lexical consolidation revealed by speech segmentation 2017Comparing and validating methods of reading instruction using behavioural and neural findings in an artificial orthography.

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