Articlediamond2004

The Transformation of Private Tutoring: Education in a Franchise Form

129 citations0/0 files storedThe Canadian Journal of Sociology

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Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities Global Educational Policies and Reforms Diverse Education Studies and Reforms

Abstract

Various forms of private education are growing in Canada. This paper explores one instance of this change, private tutoring. Data from Ontario show that this massively growing industry is expanding its reach, as exemplified by the evolution from "shadow education" provision into "learning centre" franchises. Traditional shadow educators closely follow the school curriculum, offering short-term homework help and test prep. Learning centres develop their own curricular and assessment tools, offer comprehensive menus of services, and aim to nurture long-term skills. In so doing, these businesses are becoming increasingly "school-like," moving beyond supplementary education towards a fuller alternative to public schooling.We link this evolution to the imperatives of the franchise form. Their larger investment prompts franchises to control their services via standardization, to secure stable revenues, and to seek new market niches. In conclusion we discuss the prospects for tutoring and other forms of private education.

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References

1998Academic capitalism: politics, policies, and the entrepreneurial university 1996Tinkering toward Utopia: A Century of Public School Reform.1976The One Best System: A History of American Urban Education 2002Invisible Inequality: Social Class and Childrearing in Black Families and White Families 1997Public Goods, Private Goods: The American Struggle Over Educational Goals 1994Institutional Environments and Organizations: Structural Complexity and Individualism 1992Shadow Education and Allocation in Formal Schooling: Transition to University in Japan 2002Beyond College for All: Career Paths for the Forgotten Half

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2018Global Patterns of the Use of Shadow Education: Student, Family, and National Influences 2005Choice without markets: homeschooling in the context of private education 2013Shadow Education and Academic Success in Republic of Korea 2008Private supplementary tutoring among primary students in Bangladesh 2013Rogue Resistance: Sidestepping Isomorphic Pressures in a Patchy Institutional Field

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