Articlegreen2005

Infant Emotional and Cortisol Responses to Goal Blockage

171 citations0/0 files storedChild Development

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Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development Child and Animal Learning Development Emotions and Moral Behavior

Abstract

This study examined the relation of infant emotional responses of anger and sadness to cortisol response in 2 goal blockage situations. One goal blockage with 4-month-old infants (N = 56) involved a contingency learning procedure where infants' learned response was no longer effective in reinstating an event. The other goal blockage with 6-month-old infants (N = 84) involved the still face procedure where infants' reactions to their mothers' lack of responsivity were not effective in reestablishing interaction. For both blockages, sadness was related to cortisol response, though anger was not--the greater the sadness, the higher the cortisol response. This differential relation is consistent with other evidence indicating the more positive role of anger as opposed to sadness in overcoming an obstacle.

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References

1872The expression of the emotions in man and animals.1975Helplessness: On Depression, Development, and Death 1959Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence.1963Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence.1977Human Emotions 1978The Infant's Response to Entrapment between Contradictory Messages in Face-to-Face Interaction 1989Emotions and emotional communication in infants.1992Shame: The Exposed Self

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2010Emotional Facial Expressions in Infancy 2006The relation of ANS and HPA activation to infant anger and sadness response to goal blockage 2007Do Infants Show Distinct Negative Facial Expressions for Fear and Anger? Emotional Expression in 11‐Month‐Old European American, Chinese, and Japanese Infants 2011The expression and regulation of anger in toddlers: Relations to maternal behavior and mental representations 2009When frustration is repeated: Behavioral and emotion responses during extinction over time.

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