Types and functions of athletes’ imagery: Testing predictions from the applied model of imagery use by examining effectiveness

Sanna M. Nordin · Jennifer Cumming

53 citations0/0 files storedInternational Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology

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Sport Psychology and Performance Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports Sports and Physical Education Research

Abstract

Predictions from the applied model of imagery use (Martin, Moritz, & Hall, 1999) were tested by examining the perceived effectiveness of five imagery types in serving specific functions. Potential moderation effects of this relationship by imagery ability and perspective were also investigated. Participants were 155 athletes from 32 sports, and materials included a chart for rating imagery effectiveness constructed specifically for the study as well as a modified version of the Sport Imagery Questionnaire (SIQ; Hall, Mack, Paivio, & Hausenblas, 1998). Results supported the predictions for cognitive but not motivational imagery types, and MG‐M imagery was perceived to be the most effective imagery type for motivational functions. Significant differences existed between imagery types regarding frequency and ease of imaging. The relationship between frequency and effectiveness was not moderated by imagery ability or perspective, and athletes who imaged more frequently found imagery more effective and easier to do.

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References

1993Handbook of research on sport psychology 1999Imagery Use in Sport: A Literature Review and Applied Model 1985Cognitive and motivational functions of imagery in human performance.1998Imagery use by athletes: development of the Sport Imagery Questionnaire.1994Advances in Sport Psychology 2000The Four Ws of Imagery Use: Where, When, Why, and What 1997The relationship between competitive anxiety and imagery use 2002The Effect of Imagery Function and Imagery Direction on Self-Efficacy and Performance on a Golf-Putting Task

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