Playing with confidence: The relationship between imagery use and self-confidence and self-efficacy in youth soccer players

Krista J. Munroe‐Chandler · Craig R Hall · Graham J. Fishburne

110 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Sports Sciences

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Sport Psychology and Performance Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports Psychological Treatments and Assessments

Abstract

Confidence has been one of the most consistent factors in distinguishing the successful from the unsuccessful athletes (Gould, Weiss, & Weinberg, 1981 Gould, D., Weiss, M. and Weinberg, R. 1981. Psychological characteristics of successful and non-successful Big Ten wrestlers. Journal of Sport Psychology, 3: 69–81. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]) and Bandura (1997 Bandura, A. 1997. Self-efficacy. The exercise of control, New York: W. H. Freeman. [Google Scholar]) proposed that imagery is one way to enhance confidence. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between imagery use and confidence in soccer (football) players. The participants included 122 male and female soccer athletes ages 11–14 years participating in both house/recreation (n = 72) and travel/competitive (n = 50) levels. Athletes completed three questionnaires; one measuring the frequency of imagery use, one assessing generalised self-confidence, and one assessing self-efficacy in soccer. A series of regression analyses found that Motivational General-Mastery (MG-M) imagery was a signifant predictor of self-confidence and self-efficacy in both recreational and competitive youth soccer players. More specifically, MG-M imagery accounted for between 40 and 57% of the variance for both self-confidence and self-efficacy with two other functions (MG-A and MS) contributing marginally in the self-confidence regression for recreational athletes. These findings suggest that if a youth athlete, regardless of competitive level, wants to increase his/her self-confidence or self-efficacy through the use of imagery, the MG-M function should be emphasised.

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References

1999Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control 1997Self-efficacy: the exercise of control 2002Handbook of sport psychology 1986Conceptualization of Sport-Confidence and Competitive Orientation: Preliminary Investigation and Instrument Development 1999Imagery Use in Sport: A Literature Review and Applied Model 1985Cognitive and motivational functions of imagery in human performance.1998Imagery use by athletes: development of the Sport Imagery Questionnaire.2000The Four Ws of Imagery Use: Where, When, Why, and What

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