Article1996

Friendship Networks of Unpopular, Average, and Popular Children

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Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression Early Childhood Education and Development Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

Abstract

Existence of friendship and friendship network characteristics were examined among children who differed in popularity status using a relatively unrestricted friendship nomination procedure. Fifth and sixth graders (N=227) completed a rating-scale sociometric to index popularity and provided information on up to 15 good friends. Results indicated that all children reported having at least one unilateral friend. Unpopular children were less likely than popular children to have at least one reciprocal friend, although the large majority (77%) did have a reciprocal friend. Results also indicated that unpopular children's unilateral friendship networks, in comparison to the networks of their more popular peers, contained a greater number of younger school-age friends and fewer same-age friends, more friends located outside of the school but within the same school district, and more unpopular and fewer popular school friends. Unpopular children's reciprocal friendship networks were significantly smaller, were more evenly distributed within and outside of the classroom, and contained fewer average and popular friends as well as friends of the opposite sex. Findings suggest advantages to using an unrestricted friendship nomination instrument and emphasize the need to consider both popularity and friendship when investigating children's peer relationships.

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References

1985Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis.1932A Handbook of Child Psychology 2013The Interpersonal Theory of Psychiatry 1987Peer relations and later personal adjustment: Are low-accepted children at risk?1982Dimensions and types of social status: A cross-age perspective.1934A Handbook of Child Psychology 1953The interpersonal theory of psychiatry.1991Peer Rejection in Childhood.

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2015Ethnic segregation of friendship networks in school: Testing a rational-choice argument of differences in ethnic homophily between classroom- and grade-level networks 2011Social Anxiety as a Basis for Friendship Selection and Socialization in Adolescents' Social Networks 1999A Multimethod Exploration of the Friendships of Children Considered Socially Withdrawn by Their School Peers 2004Cross-sectional and longitudinal relations among peer-reported trustworthiness, social relationships, and psychological adjustment in children and early adolescents from the United Kingdom and Canada 1998Students' Perceptions of Inclusion and Resource Room Settings

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