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Abstract A nonparametric approach to expenditure‐constrained profit maximization is developed. A deterministic frontier profit function is constructed with and without expenditure constraints. Foregone profit is used as dual evidence for the existence of expenditure constraints. Individual evaluations on performance and expenditure constraints are produced. Empirical analysis is based on survey data for California rice farms. Seventeen of the eighty‐two surveyed farms experience profit loss as a result of expenditure constraints.
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Stored only when both papers are in the corpus — 110 citations exist upstream.
Papers that cite the same references — the relational fallback while embeddings are still backfilling.
Imported from OpenAlex (CC0) — nothing here is generated.