Enjoyment and absorption: An electronic diary study on daily flow patterns

Alma Maria Rodríguez-Sánchez · Wilmar B. Schaufeli · Marisa Salanova · Eva Cifré · Mieke Sonnenschein

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Flow Experience in Various Fields Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction Workaholism, burnout, and well-being

Abstract

Flow experience is a state of mind in which one is totally absorbed in a task. This study explored the daily flow patterns related to working and non-working tasks among healthy and non-healthy (burned-out) individuals using the Experience Sampling Method. Previously the flow experience has been measured in terms of high challenges and high skills. The main aim of this study was to explore flow throughout the day using an operationalization that focused on the flow experience itself, as indicated by enjoyment and absorption. Forty healthy participants and 60 burned-out individuals kept an electronic diary on activities (work/non-work), and levels of flow (enjoyment and absorption) for 14 days. Entries were prompted by a signal on average five times a day, thus rendering 5455 entries. A curvilinear daily flow pattern was observed, with lower levels of flow during working hours. Differences were found between the components of flow: enjoyment was higher during non-working tasks, whereas absorption was higher when working. There were no differences in flow patterns between the healthy and burned-out group although the actual levels differed, with the former experiencing more flow than the latter. The results confirm the validity of this means of measuring flow, using enjoyment and absorption as indicators.

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References

1990Flow: the psychology of optimal experience 2001On Happiness and Human Potentials: A Review of Research on Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being 2002The Measurement of Engagement and Burnout: A Two Sample Confirmatory Factor Analytic Approach 1991Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience 2001Handbook of Positive Psychology 1999Well-being : the foundations of hedonic psychology 1975Beyond boredom and anxiety 2002Diary Methods: Capturing Life as it is Lived

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