Construct Validity of the Life Orientation Test

Diana Roscow Terrill · Dara G. Friedman · Louis A. Gottschalk · David A. F. Haaga

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Optimism, Hope, and Well-being Psychometric Methodologies and Testing Psychological Testing and Assessment

Abstract

The Life Orientation Test (LOT; Scheier & Carver, 1985) is a common measure of optimism. Previous studies of the convergent and discriminant (vis-à-vis neuroticism) validity of the LOT have relied solely on questionnaires. Our Study 1 was a multitrait, multimethod investigation of the LOT incorporating Gottschalk and Gleser's (1969) method of content analysis of speech samples as a nonquestionnaire assessment method. The LOT did not correlate significantly with the Gottschalk Hope Scale (Gottschalk, 1974) derived from speech samples. Study 2 was an initial attempt to determine the nature of the differences between these alternate measures of optimism. In particular, it was hypothesized and found that the LOT was more fakable than the Hope Scale. Participants who received special instructions to "fake good" scored significantly higher on the LOT than did control participants who received no special instructions. Faking instructions did not significantly affect scores on the Hope Scale.

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1994Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test.1985Optimism, coping, and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies.1984Negative affectivity: The disposition to experience aversive emotional states.1953A personality scale of manifest anxiety.1992Comparing correlated correlation coefficients.1970Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory (form Y) : "self-evaluation questionnaire"1992Effects of optimism on psychological and physical well-being: Theoretical overview and empirical update 1989How do self-attributed and implicit motives differ?

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