Integrated Environmental Management: Improving Implementation Through Leverage Point Mapping

Abstract

Integrated environmental management (IEM) is a holistic approach to management that has emerged in many countries to address complex land and water management problems. The purpose of IEM is to integrate management activities through stakeholder committees composed of government and nongovernment representatives. However, many stakeholder groups have encountered difficulty implementing such an approach. On the basis of case study research in the United States and Australia, the authors describe a model for implementation that combines bottom-up theories with a process of identifying key leverage points; this is illustrated through two case studies. A bottom-up approach operates under vertical constraints, and leverage points can be difficult to identify. However, the research suggests that this approach helps produce a strategic approach and tests the commitment of participants; furthermore, coordination mechanisms may be a particularly important mechanism in IEM settings.

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