Relations between Unit-Groups of Bonobos at Wamba, Zaire: Encounters and Temporary Fusions

Gen'ichi Itani

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Primate Behavior and Ecology Animal Behavior and Reproduction Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies

Abstract

Inter-group relations among wild bonobos (Pan paniscus) at Wamba, Zaire, are described. Members of two habituated unit-groups were frequently observed to intermingle, mainly at artificial feeding sites, but also in natural vegetation. During such encounters various affinitive behaviors, such as genito-genital rubbing, copulation, and peering were observed between members of different groups. Affinitive interactions between females of different unit-groups were particularly prominent, and appeared to ease the tension caused by the encounter. Males interacted with members of the other group much less frequently than females. Aggressive interactions between members of different groups were rare. Young nulliparous females were observed to transfer between unit-groups during encounters. These observations suggest that bonobos have a regional society above the unit-group level, which is unique among nonhuman primates for which comparable data are available.

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2009Fallback foods and dietary partitioning among Pan and gorilla 2000The Other “Closest Living Relative”: How Bonobos (Pan paniscus) Challenge Traditional Assumptions about Females, Dominance, Intra‐ and Intersexual Interactions, and Hominid Evolution 1994Floral Lists from Five Study Sites of Apes in the African Tropical Forests. Flora and Vegetation of Wamba Forest, Central Zaire with Reference to Bonobo (Pan paniscus) Foods.2019Inter‐group aggressive interaction patterns indicate male mate defense and female cooperation across bonobo groups at Wamba, Democratic Republic of the Congo 2017Sex-specific association patterns in bonobos and chimpanzees reflect species differences in cooperation 2014Nest Grouping Patterns of Bonobos (Pan paniscus) in Relation to Fruit Availability in a Forest-Savannah Mosaic 2007Longitudinal Structure of a Unit-group of Bonobos: Male Philopatry and Possible Fusion of Unit-groups 2020Variation in Intergroup Relationships Among Species and Among and Within Local Populations of African Apes

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