Article2006

The factor structure of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in acquired brain injury

Naomi Dawkins · Monique E. Cloherty · Fergus Gracey · Jonathan J. Evans

62 citations0/0 files storedBrain Injury

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Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes Psychometric Methodologies and Testing Traumatic Brain Injury Research

Abstract

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the factor structure of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) as a mood assessment in a sample of individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI). RESEARCH DESIGN: Cohort study. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: HADS data from 140 people with ABI was subjected to principle components analysis (PCA). EXPERIMENTAL INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: A three-factor solution emerged. Items loading on the first two factors map on to the anxiety and depression scales. However, two items from the depression sub-scale did not load significantly on either of these two main factors. Possible reasons are discussed. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the HADS is a useful tool for examining depression and anxiety in a brain injured population, but interpretation of responses to some items should be cautious.

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References

1983The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale 2002The validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale 1995Factor analysis in the development and refinement of clinical assessment instruments.2003The Hospital Anxiety And Depression Scale.2001Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale: Factor structure, item analyses and internal consistency in a large population 2001Normative data for the HADS from a large non‐clinical sample 2000Construct validation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale with clinical populations 2001Three-dimensional structure of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in a large French primary care population suffering from major depression

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